The world economy has grown significantly during the past decade. An increasing number of households in developing economies are joining the consuming class; experts estimate 2-3 billion additional middle-class consumers will be added by 2050 (UNEP, 2017). Due to growing individual prosperity, people are consuming more than ever before. However, the current path of consumption and resource use is not sustainable. In fact, the United Nations has warned that “the equivalent of almost three planets could be required to provide the natural resources needed to sustain current lifestyles in 2050.”
Individual consumption choices collectively have a large impact on the use of natural resources and the production of waste and pollution. To mitigate the negative impacts of consumption on the environment, people must shift their consuming patterns towards better sustainability. These changes include reducing food waste, choosing energy efficient products, and considering water resources. In addition, awareness-raising and education on sustainable lifestyles are necessary for consumers to make sustainable choices.
Consumption is incorporated in the Sustainable Development Goal 12, to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. This goal emphasises a more efficient use of natural resources (12.2), the reduction of food waste (12.3), and greater awareness for sustainable lifestyles (12.8).
SDG 12.2Natural Resouces SDG 12.3 Food Waste SDG 12.8 Lifestyles