The case study lays out the challenges and opportunities for Colombia, exploring the connection between deforestation and security, governance, and infrastructure development and the implications for stabilization in Colombia. The study draws from a wide literature as well as expert interviews conducted in February and March 2020. Twenty organizations were consulted in Bogotá and Washington, D.C., including nongovernmental organizations, law enforcement, industry associations, consulting firms, and government bodies. The country case study informs a bigger report on Sustainable Infrastructure Development in the Amazon. This is a complex topic and touches many sensitivities within the Amazon basin countries. However, the authors hope that this case study generates greater interest and debate on the topic, helps change the discourse on the Amazon’s future, and presents constructive and actionoriented ideas to have a more balanced development of the region going forward.