This report, which is part of the Poverty and Shared Prosperity series, broadens the ways for defining and measuring poverty. It presents a new measure of societal poverty, integrating the absolute concept of extreme poverty and the notion of relative poverty reflecting differences in needs across countries. The 2018 edition introduces a multi-dimensional poverty measure that is anchored on household consumption and the international poverty line of $1.90 per person per day, but broadens the measure by including information on access to education and basic infrastructure. In addition, in a sample of six countries, the multidimensional approach was extended to include two more dimensions—on health and nutrition and on security from crime and natural disaster. Finally, it investigates differences in poverty within households, including by age and gender.