Japan

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Recent data points and their historical trends can be observed below. Click on an indicator name to access the source information. Use the GGKP's data visualization tool to explore the historical data and compare across countries.

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Socio-Economic Context Value Trend
GDP per capita (current US$, 2015) 32477.2
Population (millions, 2015) 127
Population density (people per sq. km of land area, 2015) 348.3
Unemployment (% of total labor force, 2014) 3.7
Gini index (index 0 to 100, 2008) 32.1
Human Development Index (index 0 to 1, 2014) 0.89
Natural Asset Base
Average annual deforestation (% change in forest area, 2015) -0.02
Annual freshwater withdrawals per capita (cubic meters, 2014) 640.7
Agricultural land (% of land area, 2013) 12.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area, 2014) 2.09
Environmental and Resource Productivity
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons, 2013) 9.76
Carbon productivity (GDP per kg of CO2 emissions, 2013) 3.64
Environmental Quality of Life
Population exposure to air pollution (PM2.5) (micrograms per cubic meter, 2012) 11.7
Access to improved sanitation (% of population, 2015) 100
Access to improved water source (% of population, 2015) 100
Access to electricity (% of population, 2012) 100
Policies and economic opportunities
Fossil fuel consumption subsidies N.A.
Environmentally related tax revenue (% GDP, 2014) 1.5
Renewable electricity (% of electricity mix, 2012) 12
Wealth Changes
Changes in wealth per capita (US$, 2013) 1969.1

Country publications

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Sustainable Finance in Japan

Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI)
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Energy Insecurity and Renewable Energy Policy: Comparison between the People's Republic of China and Japan

Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI)

Proposal for Energy Strategy Toward a Decarbonised Society Achieving a Carbon-Neutral Japan by 2050

Renewable Energy Institute
Budgeting and Public Expenditures in OECD Countries 2019

Budgeting and Public Expenditures in OECD Countries 2019

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

1.5-Degree Lifestyles: Targets and options for reducing lifestyle carbon footprints

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
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Regional publications

Out of the blocks - Net zero investment in Asia

Asia Investor Group on Climate Change(AIGCC)

Promoting sustainable oil palm production by independent smallholders in Indonesia: Perspectives from non-state actors

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Meridian Institute, Climate Focus

The Business Case for Eco-innovation

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
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Case Studies

Ecosystem Service Valuation and Ecosystem Asset Account in Japan

Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (PRIMAFF)

Green National Accounts: Policy Uses and Empirical Experience

World Bank Group

Financial Centres for Sustainability: Reviewing G7 Financial Centres in Mobilizing Green and Sustainable Finance

Inquiry into the Design of a Sustainable Financial System (UN Environment Inquiry)
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Projects

OECD Environmental Performance Reviews

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
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Relevant Green Growth Policies

UNFCCC COP 21 NDC Submission
Comprehensive Strategy for the Rebirth of Japan
Japan Emission Trading Schemes
Japan Carbon Tax
Tokyo Cap and Trade Program

 

Additional resources for Japan:

UNEPLive
IRENA REsource Country Profile
REN21: Energy Regulation and Policies for Renewables
Reegle Policy and Regulatory Overview
Open EI